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Friday, January 22, 2010

Tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge

Explicit knowledge is visible and readily sharable. Tacit knowledge only resides in the head and doesn't easily get exchanged.

Knowledge expressed and represented in a certain visible form can be distributed and shared among users. Explicit knowledge can be validated and examined more conveniently than tacit knowledge. Accounting statements, for example, convey measurement information regarding various types of resources and business transactions. Ideas about new product/service design, however, are not always easy to describe in words, text, or pictures. We all have been dealing with explicit knowledge (such as this blog). We all also have a lot of tacit knowledge about the things we are familiar with (such as life).

Most people agree that, relatively speaking, explicit knowledge is no more than the part of iceberg above the water surface, and tacit knowledge is that part beneath.

Less is discussed as to which comes first.

When learning to drive, we first heard instruction spoken out and watched actions and movements demonstrated. After much practicing, we drive in a way that the vehicle seems to have been united with you. Every part of you acts in synchronization with other parts of your body and mind. Explicit knowledge get internalized and becomes tacit knowledge.

An expert strives to turn lots of explicit knowledge into tacit in developing expertise. Then they are asked to transfer what they keep in their head to a form that can be put in the systems. Upon more thoughts, I found that this is similar to chicken-or-egg problem. It's a mutually reinforcing cycle, an ongoing process of induction and deduction. I guess some specific examples would serve well on this point.

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